Max Walker asked:


Since the dawn of time, humans have constructed dwellings and created new environments. We call such building process as Architecture. Architecture is the imaginative blend of art and science used in the design of environments for people. In the world of architecture, architect is the word we use to describe the artists and engineers who design buildings and other structures.

The word “architect” is in fact coming from Latin architectus, which in turn derives from Greek arkhitekton (arkhi, chief + tekton, builder). Architect is the key person involving in the planning, design, and oversight of a building’s construction. In other words, architect translates a user’s requirement into a built environment. However, it was only in the twentieth century that architects were required to pass tests and be licensed. Today, the word “architect” refers to a licensed professional.

It is advisable to begin early if you are interested in a career as an architect. You can start by learning to observe buildings, spaces and their relationships. Be more sensitive to the effect of texture, color, shape and light. Try to feel the spaces and places when you are in particular buildings. Look for rhythm and pattern, simplicity and ornament, old and new in your own environment such as your home, school and community. At the same time, you can analyse and think about the design values expressed in such environment.

To develop your interest in architecture, do not hesitate to visit the design studios of architecture school. Participate in their summer program to get deep insight of architecture course might helps too. Besides, take changes to tour the offices of a local architecture firm to gain a broad understanding of the nature of an architect’s work and the values of the profession. Talk to the architects, they are far more than happy to share their experience and knowledge with you. Read as many books and magazines as possible on architecture to witness the latest architectural design trend to date.

In the US, you must meet three requirements to become a licensed architect, education, experience and professional exam. First, you must earn a professional degree in architecture from an accredited higher-education architecture program. After graduation, you will need to complete a period of practical training or internship by working under the supervision of a licensed architect. Then only you are qualified to take the nine-part Architect Registration Exam (ARE). Upon passing all divisions of the ARE, you are officially a “licensed” architect to provide architectural services. The entire path could easily take you eight to ten years to complete.

What makes the profession worth practising? Problem-solving, decision-making, team leadership and creativity are key elements in making architecture. For architect, such intellectual stimulation and technical challenges lead to the tremendous excitement that comes from seeing a design idea become a physical reality. So, if you believe this profession suits you very much, go for it! Good Luck!



Joan

mhk6693 asked:


I am doing a project about architecture and i need to know certain things. Mainly classes in college that you need to take to become an architect, also the salary of an architect and what type of architecture you work in.

Curtis

Buddy Blake asked:


At one time, it was the job of the urban planner to develop streets and city infrastructure, and then the architect would step in and take over design of the buildings. Now, well-known architects are coming forward with a more holistic approach and taking over the entire project. Compare these new neighborhoods to professionally designed homes; the streets, building designs, and walkways would all be part of a master design of urban artwork.

The architect affixes his designer label to the city, just as one would a pair of jeans, and suddenly this design becomes a marketable product. This brand becomes a useful tool when it comes to getting approval for projects, and goes a long way to spark interest in potential investors.

One example of this can be found in Kartal, an abandoned industrial area in Istanbul. The region is in dire need of a facelift, which it will get shortly as part of the Kartal Urban City Project. Soon, Kartal will feel the effects of designer/architect Zaha Hadid, when the bulldozers begin to mold a 555-hectare urban wasteland into a contemporary infrastructure that includes skyscrapers, thoroughfares, and shopping and entertainment venues for over 100,000 residents and visitors.

Hadid is known for her work on the master plan for One-North in Singapore. This 200-hectare residential and science campus had similar lines and flow as her other creations. The distinctive look of her projects, along with her reputation, has become her branding.

Off the coast of Dubai, Rem Koolhaas is designing a waterfront city on a 172-hectare artificial island that will feature a huge mirrored sphere and spiraling tower amongst a series of New York-style skyscrapers. It will take decades to complete, but will eventually house 1.5 million people.

Designer/architect Daniel Libeskind is re-shaping the five-kilometer urban area of Orestad, south of Copenhagen. Once completed, this downtown area will include two 18-story towers (visible from the center of Copenhagen), and several low-rise buildings with landscaped roofs. This is a similar approach Libeskind used in his design at Fiera Milano, where he is redeveloping 43 hectares of Milan’s old fairgrounds.

Since the fall of communism and the changes in Middle Eastern economies, Asia is faced with booming cities in need of rebuilding. This holistic design approach changes the entire face of a particular region, as opposed to the addition of just one or two modern buildings. In addition, the exclusivity associated with having a “Zaha” or a “Rem” city design helps to bolster their international standing as an emerging, contemporary city.

It would be nice to see more of this in our own cities.



Courtney

Deepti asked:


Source: docs.hp.com

The MPE/iX Architected Interface Facility: Operating System product provides three types of AIFs:

Access management AIFs

Information access AIFs

Functional access AIFs

Access Management Architected Interfaces

Access management AIFs provide a mechanism, the user ID, to validate user access to operating system AIFs.

User IDs

Each purchaser of the Architected Interface Facility: Operating System product is assigned a unique user ID. Whenever you call an AIF, you should identify yourself by using your company’s user ID.

Each AIF includes an optional user_id parameter. If your program is only going to make a small number of AIF calls, then you’ll want to pass the user ID to each AIF as you call it; however, if your program is going to make a lot of AIF calls, there is a more efficient method to specify your user ID. If your application uses the AIFACCESSON AIF to pass your user ID, all subsequent AIF calls made by your application are assumed to belong to the same user ID. Use AIFACCESSOFF after completing the multiple AIF calls.

What Is the Purpose of User IDs?

Architected Interface Facility user IDs are used by Hewlett-Packard Response Centers to ensure that AIF-based software products are properly supported. The user IDs are not intended to prevent users who have not purchased an Architected Interface Facility product from calling AIFs; instead, user IDs are intended to guarantee the best possible support.

Because AIFs are trusted procedures, their misuse can cause a number of system problems (including system failures and data corruption). If this should happen, Hewlett-Packard’s Response Centers can determine the user IDs associated with any AIF calls that result in errors. In this way, identifying and fixing AIF-related system problems can be accomplished quickly.

Information Access Architected Interfaces

Information access AIFs provide access to MPE/iX internal table information while abstracting the structure from the user.

The information access AIFs provide a single AIF, AIFSYSWIDEGET, that is normally the starting point for information retrieval. AIFSYSWIDEGET returns information on the current state of the system. For example, it can provide a list of objects that currently exist on the system and meet a specified set of criteria. The information provided by AIFSYSWIDEGET can be passed to the other information access AIFs so that more detailed information can be acquired.

Information access AIFs can be used without first using AIFSYSWIDEGET. For example, you can call a global file information AIF by passing a known file name.

Each information access AIF attempts to lock all of the tables associated with that object.

Information Get and Put

In most cases, there are two types of AIF for each class of objects that information can be accessed, an AIFnnGET and an AIFnnPUT.

The AIFnnGET AIF returns information about a specific object identified by the input keys. All AIFnnGET AIFs attempt to return as much information as possible each time they are called, returning individual item errors whenever possible. These errors are returned in the itemstatus_array parameter for the items in error, while the rest of the item values are returned normally.

The AIFnnPUT AIFs update relevant tables to obtain a consistent, updated state of the system. Only a subset of the items provided by the AIFnnGET AIFs are available to AIFnnPUT AIFs.

Information Verification

Because there is no guarantee that the information that is returned from an AIFnnGET AIF is still valid when an AIFnnPUT AIF is called, each AIFnnPUT AIF allows for verification of values to take place before a system table update occurs.

A list of items and corresponding values may be specified in the verification arrays to the AIFnnPUT AIF. Each item is checked and validated before attempting to do a system table update. If any single item that is to be verified fails, the information is not placed into the system. This verification helps prevent the system from accidentally being placed into an undesirable state. If no verification items are specified, the system table update is performed unconditionally.

System-Wide Information

The system wide information AIF is

AIFSYSWIDEGET

The AIFSYSWIDEGET AIF is normally the first AIF called. It returns information about a whole class of objects, instead of information about a particular object as the other AIFs do.

The AIFSYSWIDEGET AIF enables you to specify an object class as well as a list of criteria that you wish to apply to the objects in that class. It applies all of the criteria to each object located, returning only those objects that meet the criteria that you specify. The AIFSYSWIDEGET AIF returns a list of meaningful object identifiers and, optionally, a corresponding list of alternative input keys, when possible. You can use the alternative input keys with other AIFs to retrieve information faster than using the object identifiers.

The AIFSYSWIDEGET AIF may return a context key that indicates that there are a greater number of objects available than there are elements in the user-defined array passed to the AIF. Use this context key in a subsequent call to retrieve the additional objects.

Accounting Information

The accounting information AIFs are

AIFACCTGET

AIFACCTPUT

Accounting information AIFs return or update information associated with directory objects such as users, groups, and accounts. Accounting information AIFs use a user name, group name, or account name as input keys. The input keys default to the calling process’ user name, group name, and account name.

File Information

There are two types of file information AIFs:

local file information AIFs

global file information AIFs

Local File Information

Local file information AIFs are

AIFFILELGET

AIFFILELPUT

Local file information AIFs use a PID and a process-specific file number as input keys, with a UFID for validation. The AIFFILELGET AIF returns PIDs of the sharers of the file and the file numbers. The returned information can be used with subsequent calls to process information AIFs, global file information AIFs, or other local file information AIFs.

Global File Information

Global file information AIFs are

AIFFILEGGET

AIFFILEGPUT

Global file information AIFs use file names and UFIDs as input keys.

Job or Session Information

Job or session information AIFs are

AIFJSGET

AIFJSPUT

Job or session AIFs return or update information associated with jobs and sessions. They accept job numbers or session numbers as input keys, returning or updating job or session information associated with the keys. The keys can be obtained either from AIFSYSWIDEGET or from other means (for example, from the SHOWJOB command). The input keys default to the calling process’s job or session number.

Process Information

Process information AIFs are

AIFPROCGET

AIFPROCPUT

Process information AIFs accept PIDs and PINs as input keys. They return or update process-related information. The input keys can be obtained either from AIFSYSWIDEGET or from file information AIFs.

The AIFPROCGET AIF returns information about all of the files opened by the process, process-specific file numbers, and UFIDs. These three can then be used to query the file interfaces. The AIFPROCGET AIF also returns the default account and group for the process, their names, and UFIDs. This information can be used to query accounting information AIFs.

Reply Information

The reply information AIF requires only a reply request ID as input. It retrieves information on a specified pending reply request. In addition to providing the table information, it also formats the request message as it is displayed on the console by the RECALL command.

The reply information AIF is

AIFREPLYGET

Spooler Information

There are two types of spooler information AIFs

spool file information AIFs

spooler process AIFs

Spool File Information

Spool file information AIFs are

AIFSPFGET

AIFSPFPUT

The AIFSPFGET and AIFSPFPUT AIFs accept a file name or an address as input keys and return or update information about files that have been spooled.

Spooler Process Information

Spooler process information AIFs are

AIFSPPGET

AIFSPPPUT

The AIFSPPGET and AIFSPPPUT AIFs accept device names as input keys and return or update information about spooler processes.

System Configuration Information

System configuration information AIFs are

AIFSCGET

AIFSCPUT

AIFSCGET and AIFSCPUT do not require any keys, because they access system-wide configuration information. AIFSCGET provides access to the configuration constants and the dynamically maintained system variables, such as upper limits, but does not provide lists of valid objects on the system. AIFSCPUT performs actions similar to the TUNE and ALLOW commands, as well as some of the startup options.

Some of the configuration constants AIFSCGET and AIFSCPUT access are the various dispatcher queue priority limits and quantums. The dynamic system information includes the next job/session number to be allocated, the CS average quantum for transactions, and the current ALLOW mask.

Device Information

Device information AIFs are:

AIFDEVCLASSGET

AIFDEVICEGET

AIFDEVICEPUT

AIFDEVCLASSGET retrieves information on a specific device class. AIFDEVICEGET retrieves information on a specific device (ldev). AIFDEVICEPUT updates information on a specific device (ldev).

Functionality Access Architected Interfaces

The Architected Interface Facility: Operating System product provides AIFs to manage special functionality normally available only to operating system internals. The types of functionality access provided are:

User global area management

Ports management

Spooler management

Magneto-Optical Disk Library System

Miscellaneous utilities

While their external appearance all reflect AIF design standards, each type differs according to the functionality the AIFs provide access to.

User Global Area Management

User global area management AIFs are:

AIFGLOBACQ

AIFGLOBGET

AIFGLOBLOCK

AIFGLOBPUT

AIFGLOBREL

AIFGLOBUNLOCK

User global area management AIFs enable you to share data between multiple processes and enforce concurrence on access to this data.

Ports Management

Ports management AIFs are:

AIFPORTCLOSE

AIFPORTOPEN

AIFPORTRECEIVE

AIFPORTSEND

AIFPORTINT

Ports management AIFs enable you to create and manage Architected Interface Facility user ports. User ports can be used as a fast means of interprocess communication by sending messages from one process to another. User ports do not interfere with or provide access to system ports.

Spooler Management

Spooler management AIFs are:

AIFSPFLINK

AIFSPFLIST

AIFSPPOPENQ

AIFSPPRELEASE

AIFSPPRESUME

AIFSPPSHUTQ

AIFSPPSTART

AIFSPPSTOP

AIFSPPSUSPEND

Spooler management AIFs enable you to manage spool files and spooler processes. For example, you can start, stop, resume, or suspend devices. In addition, you can link files to the MPE/iX spooler facility.

Magneto-Optical Disk Library System

Magneto-Optical Disk Library System AIFs are:

AIFMOALLOCATE

AIFMODEALLOCATE

AIFMODISMOUNT

AIFMOGET

AIFMOPUT

AIFMOMOUNT

Magneto-Optical Disk Library System AIFs provide a supported external interface to optical disk library systems while extracting internal detail. These AIF’s provide a layer above the existing Media Manager routines. The Media Manager is a set of operating system routines that are used to control a Magneto-Optical Disk Library System. The Media Manager functions that are provided through AIF’s include: allocating and deallocating an optical media drive, mounting and dismounting optical media, and retrieving and modifying optical disk library system information.

Refer to the following manuals for more information:

Installing and Using the Optical Disk Library System (C1700-90076)

Magneto-Optical Media Management User’s Guide (36398-90001)

Utilities

Utility AIFs provide miscellaneous functionality useful to application developers.

AIFCHANGELOGON enables you to change the logon environment of a process.

AIFCLOSE enables you to save files across account boundaries.

AIFCONVADDR converts compatibility mode relative addresses to corresponding native mode virtual addresses.

AIFGLOBINSTALL is the programmatic equivalent of executing the INSTOS installation utility.

AIFTIME converts ticks and microseconds to a more meaningful time, such as date time, clock time, or a string format.



Richard

GoLucky asked:


Can an architectural engineer be employed as an architect?

Megan

Dimonte S asked:


Hey i wanted to know what classes do i have to be a architect entrepreneur. I wanted to know what to do to open my own Firm. any info?

Dustin

Andrew asked:


The English Baroque leading architect became Christopher Wren for the a lack of ostentation and simplicity that can hardly be the qualities which identified Wren’s architecture as one observes the magnificent dome of St Paul’s or Hampton Court’s state apartments. As an architectural depiction this is ordinary stuff an appropriate admiration of symmetry, size, setting and splendour was hardly innovative among knowledgeable gentry in the middle of the XVII century.

The churches with orientation to the 56 designs and sufficient documentary sustain the stylistic indication and propose that 6 were invented by Christopher Wren which were: St Mary-le-Bow, designed from 1670 to 1680; St Bride Fleet Street, designed from 1671 to 1678; St Stephen Walbrook, designed from 1672 to 1680; St James Piccadilly designed from 1676 to 1684; St Clement Danes designed from 1679 to 1685; St Andrew Holborn designed from 1684 to 1686. Four of them are situated in the smart parts of London to the west side of St Paul’s Cathedral; no one is situated in the east of London, but only St Stephen Walbrook and St Mary-leBow are designed in the central part of the City.



Ashley

mliindasky asked:


I am applying for a job transfer from Chicago to San Francisco and need to request for salary compensation. What is the average salary for an architect with 8 years of experience in San Francisco? I am worried abouth the high cost of living in SF; can I manage a decent lifestyle there as a single architect?

Kimberly

Variant asked:


What is the best type of architect? One that charges by the hour, charges 15% of your total build and project manages it, or one that charges a flat fee? Also, if you selected flat fee as your answer, how much of a flat fee is reasonable (in your mind, not from the architects you know) to charge? 500 pounds, 1000 pounds, 5000 pounds, other.

Donna